Oregon Certified Nursing Assistant State Practice Exam

How should stool normally appear?

1. Brown and soft

2. Black and hard

3. Brown and loose

4. Red and formed

The correct answer is: Brown and soft

Stool should normally appear brown and soft, as this indicates a healthy digestive process and proper hydration. The brown color is primarily due to the bilirubin in bile, which is a byproduct of the breakdown of red blood cells and plays a key role in digestion. Soft consistency suggests that there is sufficient water content, which is essential for normal bowel function. This combination is ideal for preventing constipation and promoting regular elimination. In contrast, variations in stool appearance, such as black and hard, may indicate possible issues such as dehydration, the consumption of certain medications or supplements (like iron supplements), or gastrointestinal bleeding that needs to be evaluated. Similarly, brown and loose or red and formed stools may signify concerns such as dietary issues or underlying health conditions, which can lead to irregularities in bowel movements. Thus, the classic appearance of brown and soft stool is a strong indicator of digestive health.